Malmö is located at 13°00' east and 55°35' north. Its location in southernmost Sweden makes it closer to the Italian city of
.
. The bridge was inaugurated July 1, 2000, and measures 8 kilometres (the whole link totalling 16 km), with pylons reaching 204.5 metres vertically. Apart from the
ferry links further north, most ferry connections have been discontinued.
. This means that the average temperature is above 10 °C in the warmest months, and the coldest month average is above −3 °C.
. Also some of the
pass the bridge. All these trains stop at
.
(The City Tunnel). The tunnel will run from under Malmö Central Station to Triangeln continuing to Hyllievång (Hyllie Meadow), where it will emerge to connect with the Oresund Bridge, effectively changing Malmö Central from being a
to being a transit station.
routes, and domestic Swedish destinations.
to Gothenburg. E6 goes further north along the west coast and through
. The European route to
) starts at Helsingborg. Main roads in direction of
.
Main article: Malmö Municipality Municipality After 1971, Malmö had 265,000 inhabitants, the population then dropped to 229 000 by 1985.
In Malmö, 2007, there are 170 different nationalities.
Yugoslavia (8,962)
Denmark (6,497)
Iraq (6,373)
Poland (5,654)
Bosnia-Herzegovina (5,502)
Turkey (1,232)
Chile (1,102)
Iran (1,006)
Serbia (899)
India (622)
Demographics The economy of Malmö was traditionally based on shipbuilding (
Kockums) and construction related industries, such as concrete factories. The region's leading university, along with its associated hi-tech and pharmaceutical industries, is located in
Lund about 16 km to the north-east. As a result, Malmö had a troubled economic situation following the mid-1970s. Between 1990-1995, 27,000 jobs were lost, and the budget deficit was more than billion
Swedish crowns. In 1995, Malmö had Sweden's largest unemployment rate.
Skanska -- house construction: 3,025 employees
ISS Facility Service AB -- hospital service, cleaning, etc: 1,725 employees
Sydkraft -- electricity: 1,025 employees
Sydsvenskan -- newspaper: 1,025 employees
Pågen -- bakery: 975 employees
Economy Malmö has the country's eighth largest school of higher education with the
university college Malmö Högskola established in
1998. It has 1,300 employees and 21,000 students (as of
2003).
In addition, the venerable
Lund University (established in
1668) has some education located to Malmö:
The
UN World Maritime University is also located in Malmö. The World Maritime University (WMU)
[4] operates under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a specialized agency of the United Nations. WMU thus enjoys the status, privileges and immunities of a UN institution in Sweden.
Malmö Art Academy (
Konsthögskolan i Malmö)
Malmö Academy of Music (
Musikhögskolan i Malmö)
Malmö Theatre Academy (
Teaterhögskolan i Malmö)
The Faculty of Medicine, which is located in both Malmö and
Lund.
Education A striking depiction of Malmö was made by
Bo Widerberg in his engaging debut film
Kvarteret Korpen (
Raven's End) (1963), largely shot to the shabby Korpen working-class district in Malmö. With humour and tenderness it depicts the tensions between classes and generations. The movie was nominated for an
Academy Award as Best Foreign Language Movie in 1965.
In 1944, one of the city's most enduring cultural hubs was inaugurated, namely the Municipal Theatre, with several stages (the main stage is the most expansive theatre room in Sweden) and a repertory, then as now embracing both stage theatre, opera, musical, ballet, musical recitals and theatrical experiments. In the
1950s,
Ingmar Bergman was the Director and Chief Stage Director of the place and made it one of the most vital scenes of the nation; many of the people he would bring to stardom in his sixties movies he encountered here (for example
Max von Sydow and
Ingrid Thulin). Later stage directors include
Staffan Valdemar Holm and
Göran Stangertz.
Since the 1970s the city has also been home to a rich, if fluctuating, array of independent theatre groups and some show/musical companies. It also hosts a rich rock/dance/dub culture; in the 1960s
The Rolling Stones played the
Klubb Bongo, and in recent years stars like
Morrissey,
Nick Cave,
B. B. King and
Pat Metheny have made repeated visits.
The
Rooseum Center for Contemporary Art, founded in 1988 by the Swedish art collector and financier Fredrik Roos and housed in a former power station which had been built in 1900, was one of the foremost centers for
contemporary art in Europe during the 1980s and '90s. By 2006, most of the collection had been sold off and the museum was on a time-out; the future of the museum foundation and the house are still undetermined.
The Opera of Malmö (Malmö Opera och Musikteater) is well-known in Sweden and a wide range of operas, musicals and plays have been performed there.
Culture The oldest parts of Malmö were built between 1300-1600 during its first major period of expansion. The central city's layout as well as some of its oldest buildings are from this time. Many of the smaller buildings from this time are typical Scanian two story urban houses that show a strong Danish influence.
Recession followed in the ensuing centuries. The next expansion period was in the mid 19th century and led to the modern stone and brick city. This expansion lasted into the 20th century and can be seen by a number Art Nouveau buildings for which the city is known. Malmö was one of the first cities in Sweden to be influenced by modern ideas of
functionalist tenement architecture in the 1930s. Around 1965, the government initiated the so called
Million Programme, intending to offer affordable apartments in the outskirts of major Swedish cities. But this period also saw the reconstruction (and razing) of much of the historical city center.
Recent years have seen a bolder more cosmopolitan architecture.
Västra Hamnen (The Western Harbor), like most of the harbor to the north of the city center, was industrial. In 2001, however, its reconstruction began as an exclusive, albeit secluded, urban residential neighborhood. The houses are extremely unique and inventive and most were part of the exhibition
Bo01. Among the new buildings towers the
Turning Torso, a spectacular twisting skyscraper, 190 metres (623 ft) tall, the majority of which is residential. It quickly became Malmö's new landmark within Sweden.
Architecture The beach
Ribersborg in the western harbour, is a man-made shallow beach, stretching along Malmö's coast line. Despite Malmö's chilly climate, it is sometimes referred to as the "Riviera of the North" or the "Swedish Riviera." It is the site of
Ribersborgs Kallbadhus, an
open air bath opened in the 1890s, where people go swimming all year round, braving the icy waters after a hot sauna in wintertime.
The long boardwalk at The Western Harbour has become a new favourite summer hang-out for the people of Malmö and is a popular place for bathing.
Other sights In the third week of August each year a festival,
Malmöfestivalen, fills the streets of Malmö with different kinds of cuisines and events.
BUFF, the International Children and Young People's Film Festival in Malmö, takes place every year in March.
Malmö was also the host of the
Eurovision Song Contest 1992, after Sweden won it the previous year.
Events Sydsvenska Dagbladet, founded in 1870, is since 2000 Malmö's only full-size daily newspaper, and also one of its larger employers (see section
#Economy). It has an average circulation of 130,000. Apart from Sydsvenskan, there are few media companies in the city, though a number of free-of-charge papers, generally dealing with entertainment, music and fashion have local editions (for instance
City,
.SE,
Rodeo,
Metro and
Nöjesguiden). There are regional Scanian TV and radio broadcasts; these do however serve most of Scania, and are also attained on the other side of the strait.
Media The most popular
football (soccer) team in Malmö is
Malmö FF, in the top-level
Allsvenskan. They had their period of glamour in the
1970s and
1980s, when they won the league several times. In
1979, they advanced to the finals of the European Cup, now the
UEFA Champions League. Then followed some meager years, until they in 2004 won the Allsvenskan again. This is also where
Zlatan Ibrahimović started his professional football-career.
The second most notable team is
Malmö Redhawks, in
ice hockey. They were the creation of a millionaire and quickly rose to the highest rank in the
1990s.
Sports As of 2006, Malmö has
town twinning treaties or treaties of co-operation signed with 11 cities. Of these, co-operation is closest with Newcastle, Tallinn, Chieti and Vaasa. All cities:
Province of Chieti, Italy -- co-operation treaty signed in 2001.
Florence, Italy -- twin towns since 1989.
Kaliningrad, Russia -- co-operation treaty (signed ?)
Newcastle, UK -- co-operation treaty signed in 2003.
Port Adelaide, Australia -- twin towns since 1988.
Stralsund, Germany -- twin towns since 1991.
Szczecin, Poland -- twins towns since 1990.
Tallinn, Estonia -- twin towns since 1989.
Tangshan, China -- twin towns since 1987.
Vaasa, Finland -- twin towns since 1940.
Varna, Bulgaria -- twin towns since 1987.
See also
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